Everything about Colegio De Santa Cruz De Tlatelolco totally explained
The
Real Colegio de Santa Cruz in
Tlatelolco,
Mexico, was the first European school of higher learning in the
Americas. Built by the
Franciscan order at the initiative of Viceroy
Antonio de Mendoza and Bishop
Juan de Zumárraga on the site of an
Aztec school for the children of nobles (in Nahuatl:
Calmecac), it was inaugurated on
January 6,
1536; however, it had been a functioning school since
August 8,
1533. In
1546 the Franciscan order gave the responsibilities of the administration of the school to the indigenous priests who had been educated there but by
1605 the school ceased to have governmental support and by the mid seventeenth century it was abandoned and in ruins. In modern
Mexico city the
Plaza de las Tres Culturas, close to the location of the
Colegio, commemorates this particularly interesting part of the cultural history of Mexico.
The original purpose of the
colegio was to educate an indigenous priesthood, and so pupils were selected from the most prestigious families of the Aztec ruling class. They were taught in
Nahuatl,
Spanish and
Latin and also learned the basics of
Greek as well as crafts such as
illumination,
bookbinding and European art. Among the teachers were notable scholars and grammarians such as
Andrés de Olmos,
Alonso de Molina and
Bernardino de Sahagún, all of whom have made important contributions to the study of both the
Classical Nahuatl language and the
ethnography and anthropology of
Mesoamerica. Also
Fray Juan de Torquemada served as a teacher and administrator at the Colegio. When recollecting historical and ethnographical information for the elaboration of the
Florentine Codex, Sahagún used his trilingual students to elicit information from the Aztec elders and to transcribe it in Spanish and Nahuatl and to illuminate the manuscripts. The
Nahua botanist Martín de la Cruz who wrote the
Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis was also educated at the Colegio.
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